Malignant melanoma
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Muzotsatira za 2022 Stiftung Warentest zochokera ku Germany, kukhutitsidwa kwa ogula ndi ModelDerm kunali kotsika pang'ono kusiyana ndi kuyankhulana kwa telemedicine komwe kulipiridwa.
Muzotsatira za 2022 Stiftung Warentest zochokera ku Germany, kukhutitsidwa kwa ogula ndi ModelDerm kunali kotsika pang'ono kusiyana ndi kuyankhulana kwa telemedicine komwe kulipiridwa.
Melanoma ya pafupifupi ili ndi kutalika kwa 2.5 cm (1 inchi) ndi 1.5 cm (0.6 inchi).
Ngakhale nkhaniyi imawonekera ngati khansa ya khansa, zotsatira zake zimafanana kwambiri ndi hematoma ya msomali. Misomali ya msomali (benign) imatha kuchitika mkati mwa mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri ikulutsidwa. Chifukwa chake, ngati chilondacho chikupitilira kwa nthawi yayitali, munthu angaganizidwe kuti ndi melanoma ndipo ayenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni.
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesMelanoma ndi mtundu wa chotupa chomwe chimapanga pamene ma melanocyte amawonongeka. Ma melanocyte amachokera ku neural crest. Izi zikutanthauza kuti melanomas imatha kukula osati pakhungu komanso m'malo ena omwe ma cell a neural crest amayenda, monga thirakiti la m'mimba ndi ubongo. Odwala omwe ali ndi gawo 0 la melanoma amakhala ndi moyo wopita pa zaka 50 mpaka 97%, pomwe omwe ali ndi matenda a stage IV amakhala ndi pafupifupi 10% yokha.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) ndi mtundu wowopsa kwambiri wa chotupa chapakhungu, chomwe chimachititsa 90% kufu ndi khansa ya pakhungu. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, akatswiri ochokera ku European Dermatology Forum (EDF), European Association of Dermato‑Oncology (EADO), ndi European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) adagwirizana.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly dangerous type of skin tumor, responsible for 90% of skin cancer deaths. To address this, experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) had collaborated.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly dangerous type of skin tumor, responsible for 90% of skin cancer deaths. To address this, experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) had collaborated.
Melanoma, mtundu wa khansa yapakhungu, imadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha ubale wake wapamtima ndi chitetezo chamthupi. Izi zikuwonekera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, kukhalapo kwa maselo oteteza thupi ku zotupa zoyambirira, kufalikira kwa maselo amenewa ku ziwalo zina za thupi, komanso kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chimatha kuzindikira mapuloteni ena omwe amapezeka m'maselo a melanoma. Chofunika kwambiri, mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa chitetezo chamthupi amasonyeza kuti ali ndi chiyembekezo chothana ndi melanoma. Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochizira chitetezo cha m'thupi pakuchiza khansa yapakhungu ndi njira yatsopano, kafukufuku waposachedwapa akusonyeza kuti kuphatikiza mankhwalawa ndi chemotherapy, radiotherapy, kapena mankhwala omwe amawaganizira amatha kusintha kwambiri zotsatira. Komabe, immunotherapy yotereyi imatha kuyambitsa zovuta zingapo zokhudzana ndi chitetezo chamthupi, zomwe zimakhudza ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, ndipo izi zingachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito kwake. Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo, njira zamtsogolo zochizira khansa yapakhungu zingaphatikizepo chithandizo choyang'ana malo omwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimayendera ngati PD1, kapena mankhwala omwe amasokoneza njira zamagulu ena monga BRAF ndi MEK.
Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in immune-compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary tumors and metastases, the documented recognition of melanoma antigens by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and, most important, evidence that melanoma responds to immunotherapy. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma is a relatively late discovery for this malignancy. Recent studies have shown a significantly higher success rate with combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted molecular therapy. Immunotherapy is associated to a panel of dysimmune toxicities called immune-related adverse events that can affect one or more organs and may limit its use. Future directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma include immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in immune-compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary tumors and metastases, the documented recognition of melanoma antigens by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and, most important, evidence that melanoma responds to immunotherapy. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma is a relatively late discovery for this malignancy. Recent studies have shown a significantly higher success rate with combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted molecular therapy. Immunotherapy is associated to a panel of dysimmune toxicities called immune-related adverse events that can affect one or more organs and may limit its use. Future directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma include immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
Choyambitsa chachikulu cha melanoma ndi kuwonetseredwa kwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lochepa la pigment melanin (anthu oyera). Kuwala kwa UV kumatha kukhala kochokera kudzuwa kapena zida zowotcha. Anthu omwe ali ndi mbewu ya melanoma mu banja, komanso omwe ali ndi chitetezo cha thupi chochepa, ali pa chiopsezo chachikulu cha melanoma.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa komanso kupewa kuwala kwa UV kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha melanoma. Chithandizo chimachotsedwa ndi opaleshoni. Kwa omwe ali ndi khansa yochuluka pang'ono, ma lymph nodes omwe ali pafupi amatha kuyesedwa kuti afalikire (metastasis). Anthu ambiri amachiritsidwa ngati metastasis sichinachitike. Kwa iwo omwe melanoma yafalikira, immunotherapy, biologic therapy, radiation therapy, kapena chemotherapy amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi chithandizo, zaka zisanu zopulumuka ku United States ndi 99 % mwa omwe ali ndi matenda amenewa, 65 % pamene matendawa afalikira ku ma lymph nodes, ndi 25 % mwa omwe akufalikira kutali.
Khansara yapakhungu ndi khansa yapakhungu yowopsa kwambiri. Australia ndi New Zealand ali ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba cha melanoma padziko lonse lapansi. Matenda a melanoma amapezeka ku Northern Europe ndi North America. Melanoma imapezeka mocheperapo ku Asia, Africa, ndi Latin America. Ku United States, melanoma imapezeka pafupifupi nthawi 1.6 ya amuna kuposa akazi.
○ Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za melanoma ndi kusintha kwa mawonekedwe kapena mtundu wa nevus yomwe ilipo. Pa nodular melanoma, imawonekera ngati chotupa chatsopano pakhungu. Pambuyo pa khansa ya melanoma, nevi imatha kuyabwa, kukhala ndi zilonda zam'mimba, kapena kutuluka kwa magazi.
[A‑Asymmetry] Kusagwirizana kwa mawonekedwe
[B‑Borders] Mipaka (osakhazikika ndi m'mphepete ndi ngodya)
[C‑Color] Utoto (wamitundu‑mitundu ndi wosakhazikika)
[D‑Diameter] Kukula (yaposa 6 mm = 0.24 inchi = pafupifupi kukula kwa chofufutira cha pensulo)
[E‑Evolving] Kusintha pa nthawi
cf) Seborrheic keratosis ikhoza kukwaniritsa zina kapena zonse za ABCD, ndipo ingayambitse ma alarm a khansa.
Metastasis yoyamba ya melanoma ndi yotheka, koma si yachangu; ochepera gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a melanomas omwe amapezeka msanga amakhala metastatic. Ma metastasis mu ubongo amapezeka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi melanoma. Metastatic melanoma imatha kufalikira ku chiwindi, mafupa, pamimba, kapena ma lymph nodes akutali.
○ Matenda
Kuyang'ana dera lomwe likufunsidwa ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri yokayikira melanoma. Ma nevus omwe sakhala amtundu kapena mawonekedwe osakhazikika nthawi zambiri amatengedwa ngati ofuna kudwala khansa yapakhungu.
Madokotala nthawi zambiri amawunika ma moles onse, kuphatikiza omwe ali osaposa 6 mm m'mimba mwake. Pogwiritsa ntchito dermoscopy, yomwe imaphunzitsidwa bwino, imathandiza kwambiri kuzindikira zilonda zopweteka kusiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito diso lokha. Kuzindikira kumafuna biopsy ya chotupa chilichonse cha melanoma chomwe chili ndi zizindikiro za khansa.
○ Machiritso
#Mohs surgery
Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni immunotherapy makamaka ngati muli ndi siteji 3 kapena 4 ya melanoma yomwe singathe kuchotsedwa ndi opaleshoni.
#Ipilimumab [Yervoy]
#Pembrolizumab [Keytruda]
#Nivolumab [Opdivo]